New surge in topological insulators

[1]PRL 105, 076801 (2010)
[2]PHYSICAL REVIEW B 82, 081305 R 2010
[3]Physics 3, 66 (2010)

The prediction [1] and experimental discovery [2, 3] of a class of materials known as topological insulators is a major recent event in the condensed matter physics community. Why do two- and three-dimensional topological insulators (such as HgTe/CdTe [2] and Bi2Se3 [3], respectively) attract so much interest? Thinking practically, these materials open a rich vista of possible applications and devices based on the unique interplay between spin and charge. More fundamentally,
there is much to enjoy from a physics point of view, including the aesthetic spin-resolved Fermi surface topology [3], the possibility of hosting Majorana fermions (a fermion that is its own antiparticle) in a solid-state system [4], and the intrinsic quantum spin Hall effect, which can be thought of as two copies of the quantum Hall effect for spin-up and spin-down electrons [5]. Now, an exciting new addition to the above list comes from two teams that are reporting the first experimental observation of quantized topological surface states forming Landau levels in the presence of a magnetic field. The two papers - one appearing in Physical Review Letters by Peng Cheng and colleagues at Tsinghua University in China, and collaborators in the US, the other, appearing as a Rapid Communication in Physical Review B, by Tetsuo Hanaguri at Japan’s RIKEN Advanced Science Institute in Wako and scientists at the Tokyo Institute of Technology - pave the way for seeing a quantum Hall effect in topological insulators.